When is it practice vs practise? (and why the education system gets it confused)

I noticed this week that I was getting annoyed that one of my teaching textbooks consistently uses “practice” every time, when they actually should be using the verb “practise” in some sentences.

How do you know when to use practice or practise?

To practise is a verb that means you’re doing the same action or process over and over, usually over time, to get better at that action or process. For example:

  • “I practise the flute once every 6 months, just to remind myself that I still know how to play it.”
  • “It’s good for young students need to practise their times tables every day at first, so that they can remember the answers automatically when they’re solving other maths problems.”

A practice is a noun (a place, object, thing), and people use this word to mean of two things:

  1. A practice can be a company you work for, or a place you work at, like a medical clinic or a legal firm.
    • “My friend wants to open their own practice one day, but it’s quite expensive to rent out an office space.”
  2. A practice can be a collection of ideas that someone has brought together and it’s become their method or their philosophy of how they work.
    • “The practice of applying new technologies to old problems is a great way to motivate students to learn about a topic.”

How to remember when to say practise or practice

So how do you remember whether you need to write practise with a c or an s in the sentence you’re writing? Here’s a few different tips on how to remember it, because I know everyone’s brain works a little differently!

What letter do I use?

The word “practice” uses the letter c because it’s a “collection of people or ideas”.

  • For example, the practice of medicine is a collection of ideas about how the human body works.
  • And a legal practice is a collection of people who get paid a lot of money to write very boring but important documents.

What does it sound like?

Another tip is that if you think about when you were a little kid, sounding out words one letter at a time, the sound of the two words will usually help you pick one that “just sounds right”:

  • “I’m practising my teaching skills.” sounds right when I use the “sssss” sound, which means the letter s.
  • “I’m practicking my teaching skills.” sounds funny when I use the “ck” sound, which means the letter c.

Can I avoid having to remember?

Yes! I find the easiest way to remember when to use practice vs practise it is to stop using the word “practice” altogether.

Because no matter which of the two meanings above you need for “practice”, you can almost always replace “practice” with a clearer word or just delete it entirely.

For example, let’s reword the above two examples to be clearer, by replacing or removing the word “practice”:

  • “My friend wants to open their own legal firm one day, but it’s quite expensive to rent out an office space.”
  • “Applying new technologies to old problems is a great way to motivate students to learn about a topic.”
    • …or let’s simplify it and add an example, to be even clearer: “Students are much more interested in learning when you let them apply new technology like ChatGPT to old problems like research and writing.”

And as always, remember, English doesn’t have the easiest spelling and grammar rules to learn, even if it’s your first language. So if you’ve been confused by practise vs practice, don’t feel bad!

Comment down below – what’s something you enjoy practising?

Have you learned any new skills lately?

I learned how to crochet recently, and so far, I’ve made a very short scarf!

This image shows a photo of TJ wearing the scarf.
Image description: A selfie of TJ wearing a very short scarf, crocheted using rainbow chenille wool. It looks fluffy and soft, but kind of lumpy. 😂

Should they be smirking or smiling? (Grammar tips for authors)

Happy holidays, everyone! I’ve made it through nearly the whole year without ranting about this, which I’m kind of proud of.

I cannot tell you how many books – both traditionally published and indie/self-published books – I’ve seen using the word “smirk” where it doesn’t belong.

Smirking and smiling are different things – see e.g. the Oxford Dictionary or Collins Dictionary definitions.

So there are plenty of places where a “smirk” should actually just be a “smile”.

Now look, nobody can possibly know all the spelling/grammar rules, because language is constantly evolving. That’s why I’m here to help.

Image shows Kevin James smirking meme.

(Why is Kevin James smirking? Knowyourmeme.com)

Correct ways to use the word “smirk”

A smirk is a one-sided smile. It can be smug, proud, fake, unpleasant, etc.

The easies way to remember the difference between a smirk and a smile is that if a person’s smirking, they’ve either won against the others, or they’re hiding something from the others (could be a good secret or something bad, doesn’t matter).

For example:

‘Merry Christmas,’ said the Grinch with a smirk. Later that night, he planned to press the big, red button in his lair and blow up all the presents.

Image shows Grinch smirking.

But if a person’s happy, but not bragging or teasing or hiding a secret, they’re just smiling.

Can’t there be different types of smirk?

Yes, absolutely.

Damon from The Vampire Diaries is the classic example of the many different types of smirk. No one pulls off a smirk like Damon, and he does it in so many different ways or moods.

Here are some of the best examples I could gather for you of his different smirking styles…

Examples of Damon smirking in The Vampire Diaries

Cunning or evil smirk – like in the first few seasons:

You can’t tell what he’s thinking or planning – but the key is that his eyes are not smiling.

Playful or teasing smirk – Damon gives this type of smirk almost every time he interacts with Bonnie – once they become besties, that is.

Arrogant smirk – whenever Damon thinks he’s winning, or he’s managed to fool someone, you see this type of smirk… This screenshot is not the best because he’s talking, but you get the idea:

Loving smile that is sometimes a smirk – you could call Damon’s one-sided smile a smirk sometimes when he’s with the main character, Elena, because he’s hiding a secret from her. (Secret is: he loooooves her. Spoilers for 2011, I guess?)

This is the smile of someone who is proud of themselves for eliciting a reaction from their lover, or proud of their lover.

This versatility in expressions is just one of the many reasons why everyone loved to watch Ian Somerhalder play him in the 2000s and 2010s.

Damon was also a really well-rounded character, but I think I’ve fangirled enough for one post!

Incorrect times to say “smirk”

Sometimes a smile isn’t a smirk – it’s just a smile.

In a lot of novels I see these days, the male love interest is often smirking at the female hero – but not intentionally – he’s actually just smiling.

He’s not teasing her…

He doesn’t have bad intentions to pull one over on her…

He isn’t proudly smirking because he’s elicited a reaction from her…

He’s just smiling – so to say he’s “smirking” feels really jarring and just plain weird.

It makes the reader go, “Wait, what am I missing here? I thought this dude was in love with her?”

Pop quiz: Do you think Damon is smirking or smiling in this picture?

Are we ready for 2024? How to write dates (Australian style guide)

It’s almost time to say happy new year and good riddance to 2023, so here’s how to write about dates and years in 2024.

cats sitting next to a window, looking out at fireworks in the night sky, AI image generated by Gencraft.com

This is based on the Australian government’s style manual and the most common usage that I’ve seen over the past few years as an editor of digital content.

The longest day of the year is fast approaching… or on the other side of the world, their shortest day of the world! So I thought we’d talk about how to write dates and days correctly in business writing.

(Image source: AI artwork of cats sitting next to window, watching fireworks, generated using Gencraft.com.)

Continue reading

NaNoWriMo: 5 best songs and soundtracks for writing fantasy novels

Y’all know I simply cannot let November pass by without attempting the #nanowrimo hullaballo. (NaNoWriMo = National Novel Writing Month. It’s a lot of fun trying to write a full novel in one month!)

And whether you’re a plotter or a pantser, you know playing music that matches the themes you’re writing can really get you in the mood … for prose. 😉

So if you, like me, are writing a fantasy novel this month, here’s some musical inspiration to listen to while you write…

Image shows Fourth Wing fan art 🎨 by Jesslyn @jrtart on Twitter X.

Image credit: Fourth Wing fan art 🎨 by @jrtart_ (Jesslyn) as featured on X (Twitter)

Continue reading

Assure vs ensure vs insure

Someone recently asked me when to use each of the different variations of “assure”, “ensure”, and “insure”.

And as always, I didn’t just answer their question – I said I’d try to think of a way you can remember the difference more easily.

So I did!

Difference between assure vs ensure vs insure (verbs)

Assure = to reassure someone that everything is as it should be.

e.g. I can assure you that my team will meet its budget this financial year.

You can remember this because you can replace it with “reassure you”, which literally includes the word “assure”. If you type “reensure”, you’ll know it’s not going to work.

Ensure = to make sure that something does / doesn’t happen.

e.g. My team needs to ensure that it meets its budget for this financial year.

Insure = to get insurance against a bad event happening.

e.g. To insure against the risk of spending too much, my team will look at its budget once a month until the end of the financial year.

Image source: Makeameme.org

Image source: funhappybirthdaymeme.com

Difference between assurance, ensuring, and insurance

What does that look like when you’re using the noun version instead of the verb?

Assurance:

e.g. Can you give me any assurance that your team will meet their budget this financial year?

You can remember this because in this sentence, you want to be reassured, and the “assure” word within “reassure” is the same as in the noun “assurance”.

e.g. Can you reassure me that your team will meet their budget this financial year?

Ensuring:

There’s no such word as “ensurance” to match “assurance”, so instead, you would use the word “ensuring”.

e.g. Is there a way of ensuring that my team will definitely meet their budget?

This is the same as saying “making sure”.

Insurance:

e.g. If my team doesn’t meet their budget, do we have any insurance to protect against breaking the business unit’s forecast?

You can remember the difference between insurance and assurance because the cost of insurance these days is definitely not “reassuring”.

Image source: memegenerator.net

(C) All content written by TJ Withers, 2023. Give credit when sharing or reposting. Thank you!

Years old vs year-old vs age vs aged vs years of age

Today is all about how we talk about how many years old something or someone is, or how many years in a row we’ve won an award.

When is it “years old” vs “#-year-old”?

“Years old” is the most common and most reader-friendly way of talking about how old something or someone is (in Australian English).

e.g. CompanyX is more than 100 years old.

You always use hyphens for “#-year-old” because it is either used as an adjective (similar to how you put a hyphen in “award-winning”) … or it is a noun on its own (in which case it is a compound word, two or more words stuck together).

Not using hyphens here is a common mistake.

e.g. Adjective: CompanyX is the largest 100-year-old organisation in Queensland.

e.g. Noun: My 2-year-old is very tall for her age.

When is it “age” vs “aged” vs “years of age”?

Beware of using “age” when you could be using the reader-friendly phrase “years old” instead. I always used to see this often when updating our member-facing forms; it would say “If you are age 55 / 60 / etc.” instead of “If you’re 55 years old”.

e.g. If you are aged 55 years or over, please fill in this part of the form. >>> For readability, it’s easier to say “If you are 55 years old or over”.

e.g. Start planning your retirement before you reach the usual age for stopping work.

e.g. My daughter is only 2 years of age, so she’s not thinking about retirement yet. She is not yet of an age to retire. >>> For readability, it’s easier to say “only 2 years old”.

e.g. This coming-of-age novel is a good read.

Lastly, “year” and “years” can be used in a few different ways.

e.g. CompanyX has won the Platinum rating from SuperRatings for more than 10 years in a row.

e.g. In the year 2020, lots of people began working from home, and it was also my third year working at CompanyX.

e.g. CompanyX has been taking care of clients for more than 100 years.

e.g. Our current investment approach was initiated around 10 years ago, after the GFC.

e.g. You could say someone is wise beyond their years.

C:\Users\tjryan\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.MSO\9B5892CF.tmp

Image source: Collegedunia.com

Any other ways of talking about time and age that you’ve seen tripping people up?

(C) TJ Withers-Ryan, 2022. Please credit me when you share or repost. Thanks!

Who vs Whom

Another request: who vs whom.

I think most people, whenever they think about using “whom” in a written sentence, stop and wonder whether they’re doing it right.

Psychological reassurance: The reality is that this is one case where you can probably relax, because most people speak English differently to how we write English. If you write “who” every time, it’ll look fine, because this is almost always the word people use when we’re speaking. Because “whom” sounds pompous out loud, almost nobody says it, even when grammatically they should. So when you write “who”, even if it should be “whom”, most people reading it will think, “Yeah, I’d say ‘who’. That looks fine to me.”

But if you still really care about writing it correctly, then let’s get word nerdy!

Image source: Cata memes.
Continue reading

Is data plural or singular?

Request of the day today is about the word “data”.

The companies I’ve worked for in the past ~8 years in the finance industry involve a lot of data, and we have to talk about it a lot, depending on your role in the corporate world.

Is data singular, or plural, or other?

In Australia, “data” is treated as a mass collective noun that you treat as singular, just like “information”.

e.g. The data was collected. There wasn’t much data available.

>>> In this sentence, we use the singular words “was” and “much” instead of the plurals “were” and “many”.

(This bit is in brackets because it’s not essential reading: I tried really hard to think of a way to explain what a mass collective noun is, but couldn’t think of anything clever. Basically, it is a noun for a group or a volume of things where you can’t count that noun. You can’t say one data, two datas.)

In addition to being a noun, you can also use “data” as an adjective.

e.g. ProgramX is a data system. (adjective + noun) This means it is a system that collects, stores, and uses data. (noun)

Why data changed from being plural to mass collective/singular over time

Historically, “data” was a Latin word that was the plural of “datum”. (A single point of data is a datum.)

For this reason, some traditionalists in the USA like to still use “data” in its Latin (plural) form.

e.g. The data were collected, but there was one point of datum that I want to talk about.

But we don’t do that here in Australia.

From about the 1900s, common usage has evolved, and even the Oxford English Dictionary accepts that we now use “data” as mass collective/singular.

Bonus word of the day:

There’s another Latin word that we have transformed from “plural >>> singular” over time: your “agenda” for a meeting.

In Latin, “agendum” is singular and “agenda” is plural, but in English, we don’t say “agendum”.

We say “agenda” and we treat it as “singular”.

e.g. The agenda (singular) for that meeting was long, and the items (plural) on the agenda were boring.

C:\Users\tjryan\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.MSO\1503476B.tmp
Image source: MemeGenerator / Star Trek.

(C) TJ Withers-Ryan, 2022. Please credit me when you share of repost. Thanks!

Punctuation in bullet points and numbered lists

If you’ve ever had *that* discussion with a colleague about how to use punctuation in bullet points or numbered lists – and I know you have, because you asked me to post about it – then you’ll know it’s a controversial topic.

Image source: Photo by Karen Su, Lonely Planet; meme from QuickMemes.

That’s why it’s spelled out in most of the major style guides. This post details the punctuation rules for the style guides I’ve written for various companies, based on AP Style (used by journalists), Macquarie style, Oxford style, and a few others.

Why care about whether your bullet points and numbered lists have punctuation, “and/or”s, and the like?

Because all of this affects readability, and y’all know, we live in the Golden Age of Skimreading. Readability is king.

Continue reading